Physics Based Design, the Future of Modeling and Simulation

This paper discusses the expanding role of modeling and simulation in the design and development of electrical power systems. The concepts of physics-based design and building blocks are introduced to show how complex systems may be simplified. However, the detail and complexity of tomorrow’s systems are beyond today’s tools. Computing power has increased to the point where physics-based design is possible. The aim of this paper is to discus the issues and opportunities for modeling and simulation in advanced system design.

Mathematical and computer modeling of electro-optic systems using a generic modeling approach

The conventional approach to modelling electro-optic sensor systems is to develop separate models for individual systems or classes of system, depending on the detector technology employed in the sensor and the application. However, this ignores commonality in design and in components of these systems. A generic approach is presented for modelling a variety of sensor systems operating in the infrared waveband that also allows systems to be modelled with different levels of detail and at different stages of the product lifecycle. The provision of different model types (parametric and image-flow descriptions) within the generic framework can allow valuable insights to be gained

Physics Based Design, the Future of Modeling and Simulation

This paper discusses the expanding role of modeling and simulation in the design and development of electrical power systems. The concepts of physics-based design and building blocks are introduced to show how complex systems may be simplified. However, the detail and complexity of tomorrow’s systems are beyond today’s tools. Computing power has increased to the point where physics-based design is possible. The aim of this paper is to discus the issues and opportunities for modeling and simulation in advanced system design.

Pegivirus avoids immune recognition but does not attenuate acute-phase disease in a macaque model of HIV infection

<div><p>Human pegivirus (HPgV) protects HIV+ people from HIV-associated disease, but the mechanism of this protective effect remains poorly understood. We sequentially infected cynomolgus macaques with simian pegivirus (SPgV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to model HIV+HPgV co-infection. SPgV had no effect on acute-phase SIV pathogenesis–as measured by SIV viral load, CD4+ T cell destruction, immune activation, or adaptive immune responses–suggesting that HPgV’s protective effect is exerted primarily during the chronic phase of HIV infection. We also examined the immune response to SPgV in unprecedented detail, and found that this virus elicits virtually no activation of the immune system despite persistently high titers in the blood over long periods of time. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the pegiviruses–an understudied group of viruses with a high prevalence in the global human population–and suggests that the protective effect observed in HIV+HPgV co-infected people occurs primarily during the chronic phase of HIV infection.</p></div

Peripheral immune activation in SIV-only vs. SIV+SPgV infected macaques.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Flow cytometry gating strategy used for defining immune cell subsets. Fresh whole blood was used for staining and flow cytometry at each time point. (<b>B-D</b>) Activation of immune cell subsets. <i>P</i> values represent a two-tailed unpaired t-test with error bars reflecting SEM. Note: Cy0886 did not exhibit a distinct peak or nadir of CD69+ Ki67+ expression in the CD3+ CD8+ T cell population, and so is not included in these analyses.</p